• 8 - Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus.
• 435 - Deposed Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, was exiled by Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt.
• 881 - Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu, where Louis III of France defeated the Vikings, an event celebrated in the poem Ludwigslied
• 1492 - Christopher Columbus sets sail from Palos de la Frontera, Spain.
• 1492 - The Jews of Spain are expelled by the Catholic Monarchs.
• 1527 - First known letter was sent from North America by John Rut while at St. John's, Newfoundland.
• 1635 - The third of the Tokugawa shoguns, Iemitsu, establishes the system of alternate attendance (sankin kotai) by which the feudal daimyō are required to spend one year at Edo Castle in Tokyo and one year back home at their feudal manor, while their families remained in Tokyo as virtual political hostages. (Traditional Japanese Date: June 21, 1635).
• 1645 - Thirty Years' War: Second Battle of Nördlingen (Battle of Allerheim) - A French army under the command of Louis de Bourbon, Duc d'Enghien and Marshal Henri, Vicomte de Turenne attacks and defeats an Imperial army, led by Field Marshal Franz Baron (Freiherr) von Mercy at Alerheim, near Nördlingen, Germany.
• 1678 - Robert LaSalle builds the Le Griffon, the first known ship built in America.
• 1783 - Mount Asama erupts in Japan, killing 35,000 people.
• 1852 - First Boat Race between Yale and Harvard, the first American intercollegiate athletic event. Harvard won.
• 1860 - The Second Maori War begins in New Zealand.
• 1900 - Firestone Tire & Rubber Company founded.
• 1913 - Wheatland Hop Riot
• 1914 - World War I: Germany declares war against France.
• 1916 - World War I: Battle of Romani - Allied forces, under the command of Archibald Murray, defeat an attacking Ottoman army, under the command of Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, securing the Suez Canal, and beginning the Ottoman retreat from the Sinai.
• 1923 - The deceased Warren G. Harding was succeeded by Vice President Calvin Coolidge as the 30th President of the United States.
• 1934 - Adolf Hitler becomes the supreme leader of Germany by joining the offices of President and Chancellor into Führer.
• 1936 - Jesse Owens wins the 100 meter dash by defeating Ralph Metcalfe at Berlin Olympics.
• 1940 - World War II: Italy invades British Somaliland.
• 1948 - Whittaker Chambers accuses Alger Hiss of being a communist and a spy for the Soviet Union.
• 1949 - National Basketball Association is founded in the United States.
• 1958 - The nuclear submarine USS Nautilus travels beneath the Arctic ice cap.
• 1958 - The Billboard Hot 100 is founded
• 1960 - Niger gains independence from France.
• 1972 - U.S. Senate ratifies the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
• 1975 - A privately chartered Boeing 707 impacts the mountainside near Agadir, Morocco killing 188.
• 1977 - United States Senate Hearing on MKULTRA.
• 1981 - In the United States, Air traffic controllers affiliated with the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization walk off the job. President Ronald Reagan ultimately responds by firing those who ignore his order to return to work.
• 1981 - Senegalese opposition parties, under the leadership of Mamadou Dia, launches the Antiimperialist Action Front-Suxxali Reew Mi.
• 1996 - General William F. Garrison accepted responsibility for the outcome of the 1993 raid in Somalia, and he retired from military service.
• 1997 - Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre in Algeria; 40-76 villagers killed.
• 2001 - The Real IRA detonate a car bomb in Ealing, London, U.K injuring seven people. (See 3 August 2001 Ealing bombing).
• 2004 - The pedestal of the Statue of Liberty reopens after being closed since the September 11, 2001 attacks.
• 2005 - President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya of Mauritania is overthrown in a military coup while attending the funeral of King Fahd in Saudi Arabia.

Births